Alukho uhlu olulodwa lwendawo yonke lwezinhlobo ezine kuphela zezinzwa. Izinzwa zingahlukaniswa ngalokho ezikukalayo, ukuthi zibona kanjani ushintsho, ukuphuma kwazo kwesignali, noma uhlelo lwazo lwezimboni.

Kodwa-ke, ku-automation yezimboni, izigaba ezine ezijwayelekile zezinzwa yilezi:

1. Izinzwa lokushisa
2. Izinzwa zokucindezela
3. Izinzwa eziseduze
4. Izinzwa ezingeni

Lezi zinzwa zisiza imishini ukukala izimo zomzimba, ukuqapha izinqubo, ukulawula okokusebenza, ukuvimbela amaphutha, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Lapho ukhetha i-a Inzwa ye-Hirschmann isixazululo noma isistimu yokuxhuma izinzwa ehambisanayo, abathengi kufanele bacabangele okungaphezu komsebenzi wezinzwa. Uhlobo lwesixhumi, ukuphuma kukagesi, i-voltage, ubude bekhebula, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, indlela yokukhweza, nokuhambisana kwesistimu yokulawula nakho kubalulekile.

1. Izinzwa Zezinga Lokushisa

Izinzwa zezinga lokushisa zikala ukushisa noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ezintweni zokusebenza, izinto zokwakha, uketshezi, amagesi, nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimboni ngoba izinga lokushisa lithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza komshini, ukuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nempilo yemishini.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zenzwa yokushisa zifaka:

• Izinzwa ze-RTD
• Ama-thermocouples
• Ama-thermitors
• Izinzwa zokushisa kwe-infrared
• Izinga lokushisa le-Bimetal liyashintsha
• Izidlulisi zokushisa zedijithali

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zezinga lokushisa

• Ohhavini bezimboni neziko
• Ama-boilers nama-heaters
• Imishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki
• Ukukhiqizwa kokudla neziphuzo
• Amasistimu we-HVAC
• Ama-motor nama-gearbox
• Ukucubungula amakhemikhali
• Amasistimu okugcina okubandayo
• Ukuqapha ibhethri nezinto zamandla

Inzwa yezinga lokushisa elifanele incike ebangeni lokushisa elidingekayo, isikhathi sokuphendula, indawo yokufaka, ukunemba, okubalulekile kwenzwa, nesignali yokuphumayo.

Isibonelo, isicelo sesithando sokushisa esiphezulu singadinga ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokuzwa kusuka epayipini lamanzi abandayo noma igumbi lokugcina lokushisa eliphansi.

2. Izinzwa Zokucindezela

Izinzwa zokucindezela zikala amandla asetshenziswa igesi noma uketshezi ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Abalulekile ekuqapheni amasistimu asebenza ngamanzi, amasistimu womoya, amaphampu, ama-compressor, amapayipi, amathangi, nemishini yokucubungula.

Ingcindezi ingakalwa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Umfutho wegeji
• Ukucindezela okuphelele
• Ukucindezela okuhlukile
• Ingcindezi ye-vacuum
• Ingcindezi evaliwe

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zokucindezela

• Imishini ye-Hydraulic
• Amasilinda womoya
• Amasistimu okwelapha amanzi
• Imishini kawoyela negesi
• Amaphampu nama-compressor
• Amasistimu e-Steam
• Imikhumbi yokucubungula
• Amasistimu okuhlunga
• Izinhlelo zefriji zezimboni

Inzwa yokucindezela kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngebanga lokucindezela, uhlobo lwemidiya, izinga lokushisa, ukuxhumeka kwenqubo, isignali yokuphumayo, nokuhambisana kwezinto.

Oketshezini olubolayo, amagesi asezingeni eliphezulu, imidiya yebanga lokudla, noma amasistimu anomfutho ophezulu, impahla yezinzwa nomklamo wokuvala kubaluleke kakhulu.

3. Izinzwa eziseduze

Izinzwa eziseduze zithola ubukhona, indawo, ukunyakaza, noma ibanga lento ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthintana okuqondile ngokomzimba.

Asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuzishintsheni kwefekthri ngoba anganikeza ukutholwa okusheshayo nokuphindaphindekayo kokulawula umshini, ukubala izingxenye, ukuqinisekiswa kwendawo, ukukhiya okuxhumene nokuphepha, nokuqapha komthumeli.

Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile benzwa ye-proximity buhlanganisa:

• Izinzwa ze-inductive
• Izinzwa ze-Capacitive
• Izinzwa ze-Photoelectric
• Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic
• Izinzwa kazibuthe
• Izinzwa zebanga le-laser

Izinzwa ze-inductive proximity

Izinzwa ze-inductive zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto zensimbi. Avamise ukufakwa kumathuluzi omshini, amaconveyor, amasilinda, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo.

Izinzwa ze-Capacitive proximity

Izinzwa ezinamandla ziyakwazi ukubona izinto zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi, okuhlanganisa ipulasitiki, ukhuni, iphepha, impushana, uketshezi, nezinye izinto eziyimbudumbudu.

Izinzwa ze-Photoelectric

Izinzwa zezithombe zikagesi zisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze zibone izinto. Angasetshenziselwa ubukhona bento, ukubala, ukubeka indawo, ukutholwa kwelebula, ukulawula ukupakisha, nokuqapha komthumeli.

Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic

Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthola ibanga noma ubukhona bezinto. Zingaba usizo lapho inzwa yokubona ithintwa umbala wento, ukuphela kwendawo, noma ukubonakala.

4. Izinzwa Zezinga

Izinzwa zeleveli zikala inani noma ubude boketshezi, impushana, ama-granules, i-slurry, noma into eyinqwaba ngaphakathi kwethangi, i-hopper, isisele, umkhumbi, noma isitsha.

Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni inqubo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukugcinwa kwamakhemikhali, ezolimo, izimayini, kanye nezinhlelo zokubamba izinto ezibonakalayo.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zeleveli zihlanganisa:

• Ukushintshwa kwezinga lokuntanta
• Izinzwa zeleveli ye-Capacitive
• Izinga le-conductive probes
• Izinzwa zezinga le-ultrasonic
• Izinzwa zezinga lerada
• I-Hydrostatic level transmitter
• Amaswishi ezinga lokudlidliza-imfoloko
• Izinzwa zeleveli yokubona

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zeleveli

• Amathangi amanzi
• Amathangi okugcina amakhemikhali
• Amathangi kaphethiloli
• Izisele zokusanhlamvu
• Ama-powder hoppers
• Amasistimu wamanzi angcolile
• Imikhumbi yokucubungula ukudla
• Ama-lubricant reservoirs
• Amasistimu okugcina impahla eyinqwaba

Inzwa yeleveli elungile incike ezintweni ezilinganisiwe, ukuma kwethangi, ukucindezela kwenqubo, izinga lokushisa, igwebu, umhwamuko, uthuli, i-viscosity, indawo yokufaka, nokunemba kokulinganisa okudingekayo.

Ezinye Izinhlobo Ezibalulekile Zezinzwa Zezimboni

Nakuba izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, ukusondela, nezinzwa zezinga kuyizigaba ezine ezinkulu, ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo.

Lokhu kubandakanya:

Ezimbonini zanamuhla, izinzwa eziningana zivame ukusebenza ndawonye. Isibonelo, isistimu yephampu ingase isebenzise inzwa yeleveli ukuze ibone umthamo wethangi, inzwa yokucindezela ukuze igade ingcindezi yokuphumayo, inzwa yokugeleza ukuze iqinisekise ukunyakaza koketshezi, kanye nenzwa yezinga lokushisa ukuze ivikele injini.

Indlela Izinzwa Ezixhumana Ngayo Nezinhlelo Zokulawula

Izinzwa zezimboni kufanele zithumele amasiginali asebenzisekayo kuma-PLC, izilawuli, izibonisi, ama-alamu, abaloga bedatha, noma amanethiwekhi ezishintshayo.

Imiphumela yenzwa evamile ihlanganisa:

• Ukushintsha kwe-PNP
• Ukushintsha kwe-NPN
• Okukhiphayo kwe-relay
• 0–10 V okukhiphayo kwe-analog
• 4–20 mA okukhiphayo kwe-analog
• Okukhipha i-Pulse
• Ukuxhumana kwe-IO-Link
• Ukuxhumana kwe-Fieldbus
• Izinqubo zokuxhumana zedijithali

Okukhiphayo kwenzwa kufanele kuhambisane nokokufaka kwesilawuli. Isibonelo, isidlulisi somfutho esingu-4–20 mA asikwazi ukuvele sishintshwe ngenzwa eyisisekelo yokushintsha eseduze, ngisho noma indawo yokufaka ibonakala ifana.

Ngaphambi koku-oda, qinisekisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, uhlobo lokuphumayo, ukucushwa kwezintambo, isabelo sephini, kanye nezidingo zesistimu yokulawula.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuxhumeka kwe-Hirschmann Sensor

Igama elithi Hirschmann sensor livame ukuhlotshaniswa nezidingo zokuxhunywa kwezinzwa zezimboni, okuhlanganisa izixhumi, izintambo, amapulaki, amasokhethi, nezintambo zasensimini ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezizenzakalelayo.

Lapho ukhetha isixazululo sokuxhuma esihlobene nenzwa ye-Hirschmann, qinisekisa:

• I-voltage yokusebenza kwenzwa
• Isilinganiso samanje
• Isitayela sesixhumi
• Inombolo yokuphina kanye nomsebenzi wephinikhodi
• Ubude bekhebula
• Izinto zejakhethi yekhebula
• Isilinganiso sokuvikela i-IP
• Ukuma kwesixhumi esiqondile noma esinama-engeli
• Izidingo zokuvikela
• Uhlobo lwesignali
• I-PLC noma ukuhambisana kwesilawuli
• Indawo yokufaka

Inzwa elungile isengase yehluleke ukuxhumana kahle uma isixhumi, ikhebula, ukuhlelwa kwephinikhodi, noma i-voltage ingalungile.

Ungayikhetha Kanjani Inzwa Yezimboni Elungile

Ukukhethwa kwenzwa okulungile kufanele kuqale ngohlelo lokusebenza.

Buza le mibuzo:

1. Yini okufanele ilinganiswe noma itholwe?
2. Iyiphi impahla, into, igesi, uketshezi, noma ukunyakaza okuhilelekile?
3. Iliphi ibanga lokulinganisa elidingekayo?
4. Yikuphi ukunemba nesikhathi sokuphendula esidingekayo?
5. Ingabe okukhiphayo kususelwa kudijithali, i-analog, noma ukuxhumana?
6. Imaphi amandla kagesi akhona?
7. Isiphi isixhumi nohlobo lwekhebula oludingekayo?
8. Ingabe indawo ezungezile imanzi, inothuli, igqwala, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, noma ithanda ukudlidliza?
9. Ingabe inzwa idinga indawo evalekile enesilinganiso se-IP?
10. Isiphi isilawuli noma i-PLC ezothola isignali?

Inzwa ekhethwe kahle ithuthukisa isikhathi, ukuhambisana kwenqubo, ukusebenza kahle kokuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza.

Amaphutha Okukhetha Izinzwa Ezivamile

Gwema lawa maphutha ajwayelekile:

• Ukukhetha inzwa ngokubukeka esikhundleni sokucaciswa
• Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lokuphumayo kokokufaka kwe-PLC
• Ukuziba ukuhambisana kwekhebuli nesixhumi
• Ukukhetha ileveli yokuvikela ye-IP engafanele
• Ukusebenzisa inzwa ejwayelekile kumazinga okushisa aphezulu noma enqubweni yokubola
• Ikhohlwa ukuhlola ububanzi bezinzwa
• Ukudida izidingo zokuphuma kwe-PNP ne-NPN
• Ukufaka inzwa lapho ukudlidliza noma ukungcoliswa kuthinta ukunemba
• Ukushintsha isidlulisi ngeswishi elula yokuvula/yokucima

Kumaphrojekthi ezimboni, inzwa, ikhebula, isixhumi, isilawuli, nendawo yokufaka kufanele ihlolwe njengohlelo olulodwa oluphelele.

Isiphetho

Izinhlobo ezine ezivame ukuxoxwa ngazo zezinzwa zezimboni izinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zokucindezela, izinzwa eziseduze, nezinzwa zeleveli. Uhlobo ngalunye lusekela ingxenye ehlukile yokuzenzakalela, ukulawula inqubo, ukuphepha, nokuqapha imishini.

Inzwa efanele incike kulokho okumele kulinganiswe, izimo zemvelo, isignali edingekayo yokuphumayo, kanye nesistimu yokulawula. Ngezidingo zokuxhunywa kwenzwa yakwa-Hirschmann, abathengi kufanele futhi baqinisekise isixhumi esifanele, ikhebula, isabelo sephini, i-voltage, kanye nesilinganiso sokuvikela.

Ngezinzwa zezimboni, izixhumi zezinzwa, nosekelo lwe-automation oluqondene nohlelo lokusebenza, sicela uxhumane XZJMD.

FAQ

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zezinzwa zezimboni?

Izigaba ezine ezijwayelekile zezinzwa zezimboni izinzwa zokushisa, izinzwa zokucindezela, izinzwa eziseduze, nezinzwa zamaleveli.

Isetshenziselwa ini inzwa ye-proximity?

Inzwa ye-proximity ithola ubukhona, indawo, ukunyakaza, noma ibanga lento ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenzwa yokucindezela kanye ne-pressure switch?

Inzwa yokucindezela noma i-transmitter inikeza isignali yengcindezi elinganiselwe, ngokuvamile njenge-analog noma okukhiphayo kwedijithali. Iswishi yokucindezela ngokuvamile ihlinzeka ngesignali yokuvula/ukuvala endaweni yokucindezela esethiwe.

Ngisikhetha kanjani isixhumi senzwa sika-Hirschmann?

Qinisekisa i-voltage yenzwa, yamanje, uhlobo lokuphumayo, isitayela sesixhumi, inombolo yamaphini, umsebenzi wephinikhodi, izidingo zekhebula, isilinganiso se-IP, nokuhambisana kwe-PLC ngaphambi kokukhetha isixhumi.